Pdf cyanobacterial biofertilizers in rice agriculture. Biofertilizers can be expected to reduce the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides. Cyanobacteria cultivation using olive milling wastewater. Microbial biofertilizers and their potential in sustainable. Application of cyanobacterial diazotrophic technology indian j. Microorganisms are used to increase the level of nutrients in the plants. This is because the mechanism of action of the biofertilizer in promoting growth is not well understood. Benefits of cyanobacterial biofertilizer in rice cultivation. They are environmentally friendly and can be used to ensure asustainable cereal production. In waterlogging condition, the cyanobacteria multiply, fix atmospheric n 2 and release it into the surroundings in the form of amino acids, proteins and other growth promoting.
Pdf the effect of commercial inoculant of cyanobacteria on wheat cv. Cyanobacteria also known as blue green algae are photosynthetic, free living and prokaryotic organisms such as nostoc, anabaena, plectonema etc. Several unique features of cyanobacteria such as oxygenic photosynthesis, high biomass yield, growth on nonarable lands and a wide variety of water sources contaminated and polluted waters, generation of useful byproducts and biofuels, enhancing. Cyanobacteria as a source of biofertilizers for sustainable agriculture article pdf available in biochemistry and biophysics reports 22. Cyanobacteria play an important role to buildup soil fertility consequently increasing the yield. Biofertilizers are such as rhizobium, azospirillum and phosphobacteria provide nitrogen and phosphorous nutrients to crop plants through nitrogen fixation and phosphorous solubilization processes. Microbiological biofertilizers mass production and. Alani2 1department of biology, college of science, university of baghdad, baghdad, iraq. Biofertilizers add nutrients through the natural processes of nitrogen fixation, solubilizing.
The centers for disease control and prevention cdc is working to understand and prevent the health effects. Cyanobacteria bga are playing a vital role to increase the. The cyanobacteria tap the suns energy captured during photosynthesis to fix nitrogen from the air and turn it into a form which plants can use. It creates extra cells which are unlikely to have a beneficial impact on the plant. However, many germplasm collection laboratories have been established by the d. Comparison of cyanobacterial biofertilizer with urea on. A bio fertilizer also biofertilizer is a substance which contains living. Rai, routledge, 2006 579 pages, sharply focused, uptodate information on microbial biofertilizers including emerging options such as piriformospora indica and matsutake the handbook of microbial biofertilizers provides indepth coverage of all major microbial. Pdf cyanobacterial biofertilizer production and analysis.
Review cyanobacterial metabolites as a source of sunscreens and moisturizers. Comparative studies on growth and remediation of waste water. Those are not as effective as chemical fertilizers. Chemical fertilizers are being used in increasing amounts in order to increase output in high yielding varieties of crop plants. Freeliving cyanobacteria, the majority of which are heterocystous.
Biofertilizers, microbial inoculants that can promoteplant growth and productivity, are internationally acceptedas an alternative source of nfertilizer. There are several limitations to the use of biofertilizer for agricultural system. Effects of biofertilizers combined with different soil amendments on potted rice plants arshad javaid1 abstract this pot study investigated the effect of the combined application of two commercial biofertilizers viz. Biofertilizer being essential components of organic farming play vital. Cyanobacterial consortium in the improvement of maize crop. Nfixation, these biofertilizers or biomanures also contribute significant amounts of p, k, s, zn, fe, mb and other micronutrient. Project report on bio fertilizer pdf case of biofertilizerbiopesticide units and 33 of fruit and vegetable market waste. Role of algae and cyanobacteria in sustainable agriculture. Keeping this in mind, a cyanobacterial biofertilizer production technology has. Mass cultivation of microbial inoculants biofertilizers. Freeliving cyanobacteria, the majority of which are heterocystous and nitrogen fixing, contribute an average of 2030 kg n ha1, whereas the value is up to 600 kg ha1 for theazollaanabaena system the most.
Biofertilizers are the organisms bacteria, fungi, cyanobacteria, etc. Cyanobacteria have an emerged potential as biofertilizer which are. In addition, the population of introduced microorganisms will decline and be eliminated in a very short. Production of liquid bio fertilizer by using azotobacter. A mixture of 5 or 6 regionally acclimatized strains of cyanobacteria, species anabaena, aulosira, cylindrospermum, gloeotrichia, nostoc, plectonema etc. Cyanobacteria also called bluegreen algae evolved very early in the history of life, and share some of the characteristics.
Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the potential of cyanobacterial biofertilizer for the growth and yield of three commonly growing crops in. Abstract cyanobacteria are among the earliest of inhabitants of planet earth and their existence can be traced back to 3. The major contents of this book is crop response to biofertilizers, nitrogen fixation, phosphate solubilising. Project report on biofertilizer manufacturing process. Aug 12, 2010 two cyanobacterial species nostoc entophytum and oscillatoria angustissima were tested as biofertilizers, substituting the normally used chemical fertilizer, for pea plant. Llewellyn2 and saul purton3 1department of biology, faculty of sciences, university of isfahan, isfahan, iran. Biofertilizers have many advantages and a few disadvantages. An investigation was undertaken to screen, select and evaluate a set of bacterial and cyanobacterial isolates from the wheat rhizosphere for their role as biofertilizers in wheat. Keywords cyanobacteria, zea mays, germination, growth, nitrogenase. Cyanobacterial metabolites as a source of sunscreens and. These biofertilizers could be effectively utilized for rice, pulses, millets, cotton, sugarcane, vegetable and other horticulture crops. Effect of two species of cyanobacteria as biofertilizers on. Project report and other documents for appraisal and sanction of loan. Importance of biofertilizers in agriculture biotechnology.
The chemical composition of the cyanobacteria biofertilizers formulated by algae cultivation using olive mill wastewater as growth media is given in table 3. Microbial biofertilizers play a pivotal role in sustainable agriculture. The exploitation of beneficial microbes as a biofertilizer has become. Pdf cyanobacteria as a source of biofertilizers for. Cyanobacterial biofertilizers in rice agriculture springerlink.
Microbes as biofertilizers definition, examples, diagrams. Such cyanobacterial strains differentiate heterocyst under nitrogendeprived condition and hence employ both photoautotrophy and diazotrophy, thus requiring only water, mineral nutrients, carbon dioxide, and light for survival. Global biofertilizers market size was worth over usd 1. Addition of fertilizer to rice fields gener ally leads to accelerated growth of algae figure 2. Composition of cyanobacteria omw biofertilizers parameters bio. From basic science to applications is the first reference volume that comprehensively discusses all aspects of cyanobacteria, including the diverse mechanisms of cyanobacteria for the advancement of cyanobacterial abilities, towards higher biofuel productivity, enhanced tolerance to environmental stress and bioactive compounds. Jul 17, 2017 biofertilizers contain different types of fungi, root bacteria or other microorganisms. Comparative studies on growth and remediation of waste. Biofertilizers are the substances which make use of microorganisms to fertile the soil. More specifically, cyanobacteria fix nitrogen, which is an essential nutrient for supporting plant growth. Bga like anabaena and nostoc are found to live on soil, rocks. They are cost effective, ecofriendly and a renewable source of plant nutrients to supplement chemical fertilizers in sustainable agricultural systems in india. Effect of two species of cyanobacteria as biofertilizers.
Cyanobacterial biofertilizer production and analysis. Cyanobacteria have a great potential as source of fine chemicals, as a biofertilizer, as a source of renewable fuel accumulators and as degrader of different kinds of environmental pollutants including metal ions, salinity, and pesticides. Aulosira, anabaena, cylindrospermum, nostoc, plectonema, tolypothrix in the paddy fields was realized much earlier singh, 1961. The biofertilizers provide nutrients to the plants, control soilborne diseases, and maintain soil structure. However, chemical fertilizers cause pollution of water bodies as well as ground water, besides getting stored in crop plants. Thin air nitrogen solutions, a company producing and marketing biofertilizers to smallscale farmers in the developing world, found that when cyanobacterial biofertilizer was applied to a variety of crops in ethiopia, yields are at par or exceeded outcomes from urea application and double those with zero fertilizer use.
Effect of two species of cyanobacteria as biofertilizers on characteristics and yield of chickpea plant sanaa, j. During the last two or three decades a large number of studies have been published on the various important fundamental and applied aspects of both kinds of cyanobacterial biofertilizers the freeliving cyanobacteria and the cyanobacteriumanabaena azollae in symbiotic association with the water fernazolla, which include strain identification, isolation, purification, and culture. Importance of biofertilizers in agriculture biotechnology prashant agarwal1, ritika gupta1, imneet kaur gill2 1meerut institute of engineering and technology, meerut, india 2department of pharmaceutics, chandigarh college of pharmacy, mohali, punjab, india abstract over the past few decades, many farmers have been involved in improving wild plants and animals by selection. Apart from bga, red algae and brown algae have also been utilized as a potential biofertilizer. They can increase the output of food to be used for school lunches. A biofertilizer also biofertilizer is a substance which contains living microorganisms which, when applied to seeds, plant surfaces, or soil, colonize the rhizosphere or the interior of the plant and promotes growth by increasing the supply or availability of primary nutrients to the host plant. Kulasooriya emeritus professor of botany, university of peradeniya, peradeniya, sri lanka and visiting professor institute of fundamental studies, kandy, sri lanka. They commonly obtain their energy through oxygenic photosynthesis. Nevertheless, nfixing cyanobacterial biofertilizers are ecofriendly, and currently considered important to support the developing organic agriculture. Beneficial microbes are an alternative to other management practices.
Pdf cyanobacteria as a source of biofertilizers for sustainable. Scientists have called cyanobacteria the origin of plants, and have credited cyanobacteria with providing nitrogen fertilizer for rice and beans. Nov 30, 2002 biofertilizers are important components of integrated nutrient management. Biofertilizers add nutrients through the natural processes of nitrogen fixation, solubilizing phosphorus and stimulating plant growth through the synthesis of growth promoting substances. Mass cultivation of cyanobacterial biofertilizers for outdoor mass cultivation of cyanobacterial biofertilizers, the regional specific strains should be used. Cyanobacterial biofertilizers in rice agriculture jstor. Effect of coir pith based cyanobacterial basal and foliar. The bluegreen algae cyanobacteria biofertilizers plant. Biofertilizers are applied in the agricultural field as a replacement to our conventional fertilizers. Floodwater and the surface of soil provide the sites for aerobic phototrophic nitrogen n fixation by freeliving cyanobacteria and theazollaanabaena symbiotic n2fixing complex. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. Cyanobacteria bluegreen algae blooms when in doubt, its. Mass production of cyanobacterial biofertilizers due to the useful property of cyanobacteria and other microalgae in diverse sectors has necessitated their largescale cultivation. College of science, alnahrain university baghdad, iraq.
Cyanobacterial biomass can be used for the production of food, energy, biofertilizers, secondary metabolites of nutritional, cosmetics, and medicinal importance. They transform organic matter into nutrients that can be used to make plants healthy and productive. Cyanobacteria form a major component of the flora as long as nitro gen content is not very high. Cyanobacterial consortium in the improvement of maize crop anand mohan, baidyanath kumar and dina nath department of biotechnology, college of commerce magadh university, patna800020, india. Apr 21, 2016 cyanobacteria in sustainable management. Handbook of biofertilizers handbook of microbial biofertilizers, m. The fern forms a green mat over water with a branched stem, deeply bilobed leaves and roots. Therefore, they have great potential as biofertilizers, and their use will decrease fuel demand for fertilizer production.
Biofertilizers did not accelerate early season growth in these plots no differences noted in ear size or weight biofertilizers did not dramatically affect yield. Inoculation of biofertilizers biofertilizers are generally applied to soil, seeds or seedlings, with or without some carrier for the microorganisms. Fungal biofertilizers are obtained from cyanobacteria, mycorrhiza etc. Inoculation of soil with a suspension of each species or a combination of the two species significantly increased the germination percentage and stimulated the other measured growth parameters and photosynthetic pigment. Advantages and disadvantages of biofertilizers hunker. But blooms of cyanobacteria are not always helpful. The cyanobacteria are bestowed with ability to fix atmospheric n 2, decompose the organic wastes and residues, detoxify heavy metals, pesticides, and other xenobiotics, catalyze the nutrient cycling, suppress growth of pathogenic microorganisms in soil and water, and also produce some. Cyanobacteria are one of the major components of the nitrogen fixing biomass in paddy fields. Biofertilizers are more costeffective as compared to chemical fertilizers.
Maize crop and might prove to be an effective biofertilizers. For outdoor cultivation of cyanobacterial biofertilizers, the regional specific strain should be used. Here biological origin should be referred to as microbiological process synthesizing complex compounds and their further release into outer medium, to the close vicinity of plant roots which are again taken up by plants. Cyanophycin granules acquire large polypeptides containing approximately the same. These fertilizers are not harmful to crops or other plants like the chemical fertilizers. The dorsal fleshy lobe of the leaf contains the algal symbiont within the central cavity. However, very few reports are available exclusively on the use of cyanobacteria as biofertilizers for mulberry bose and majumdar, 1999 and dasappa 2000. Production of liquid bio fertilizer by using azotobacter species and their effect on plant growth sumanto prasad barat1, abhishek gupta2, dharmendra singh2, arpita srivastav2, summit kumar srivastav1, ravi kumar2, pooja singh2, nikhat firdous2 and neelam soni2 1vinoba bhave university j. Biopower and em effective microorganisms on rice oryza sativa l.
Two cyanobacterial species nostoc entophytum and oscillatoria angustissima were tested as biofertilizers, substituting the normally used chemical fertilizer, for pea plant. Plants have a number of beneficial relationships with such organisms. Cyanobacteria bluegreen algae contribute to the fertility of many. The most common fungal partner of mycorrhiza are glomus species that act as a biofertilizers. Cyanobacterial biofertilizers vijaya tartte 1 chandra mouli kalla 2 durga srinivasa murthy sistla 3 fareeda g 3 1 sri venkateswara university, department of botany, tirupati 517 502. Sakha 69 grown in pot experiments using sterilized or nonsterilized clay andor. In the biofertilizer technology,new systems are being developed to increase thebiological n.
Handbook of microbial biofertilizers crc press book. Pdf continuous increase in global human population and depletion of natural resources of energy posing threat. When these blooms become harmful to the environment, animals, and humans, scientists call them cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms cyanohabs. Due to the useful property of cyanobacteria and other microalgae in diverse sectors has necessitated their largescale cultivation. Therefore, cyanobacterial farming is proposed as environment friendly sustainable agricultural practice which can. The agronomic potential of heterocystous cyanobacteria, either freeliving or in symbiotic association with water fern azolla elzeky et al. Cyanobacteria as a source of biofertilizers for sustainable agriculture. Microbial biofertilizers and their potential in sustainable agriculture dr.
Inoculation of soil with a suspension of each species or a combination of the two species significantly increased the germination percentage and stimulated the other measured growth parameters and photosynthetic. Introdution a biofertilizer is a substance which contains living microorganisms, when applied to seed, plant surfaces, or soil, colonizes the rhizosphere or the interior of the plant and promotes growth by increasing the supply or availability of primary nutrients to the host plant. Cyanobacteria can both photosynthesize and fix nitrogen and at the same time. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi amf as a biofertilizer a. Biofertilizer bluegreen algae cyanobacteria role of the bluegreen algae e. It was cyanobacteria in the archaean and proterozoic eras 2. Biofertilizers can help to maintain the natural soil habitat, while also improving fertility. The above mentioned results completely supported our study of combining basal and foliar application of coir pith based cyanobacterial biofertilizer. Pdf cyanobacterial biofertilizer improve growth of wheat. Transfer 2 3 kg soil collected from open place for lm 2 area of the tank and add 100 g of superphosphate. Arbuscular mycorrhiza, am diversity, mass culture, amspores, disease resistance and stress tolerance. From an initial set of 23 cyanobacterial strains and 110 bacterial. The complete technology book on biofertilizer and organic. The handbook of microbial biofertilizers is designed to fit the expanding information needs of current and future biotechnologists, microbiologists, botanists, agronomists, environmentalists, and others whose work involves sustained agriculture.
These belongs to eight different families, phototrophic in nature and produce auxin, indole acetic acid and gibberllic acid, fix 2030 kg nha in submerged rice fields as they are abundant in paddy, so also referred as paddy organisms n is the key input required in. The oxygen gas in the atmosphere of earth is produced by cyanobacteria of this. Biofertilizer is a substance which contains microorganisms, when applied to the field, colonizes the plant rhizosphere or enters into the plant vascular system and promotes growth, by increasing the micro nutrients availability to the plant. Economic sustainability is the most important factor which determines the success of large scale biomass production of commercially important products. Cyanobacteria 6 n 2fixing associated bacteria 7 freeliving n 2fixing bacteria 8 plantgrowthpromoting rhizobacteria 8 phosphorussolubilizing bacteria 9 plant hormone production by bacteria 9 fungi and their potential as biofertilizers 10 use of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi as biofertilizers 11 use of ectomycorrhizal fungi as biofertilizers. They form a mutually beneficial or symbiotic relationship with host plants as they grow in the soil. Cyanobacteria can be a potential biofertilizer since it has. Primarily, efficacy is not reliable for most biofertilizers. Cyanobacteria as a source of biofertilizers for sustainable. In tropical rice fields biological nitrogen fixation is a cyanobacterial process and if a part of the nitrogen demand of the rice crop could be met through these cyanobacteria, a major input constraint can be overcome. Introduction the term biofertilizer denotes the nutrient inputs of biological origin for plant growth.
Among these amfungi are ubiquitous and form a mutuality. They are actually taken from the animal wastes along with the microbial mixtures. A short presentation on biofertilizers use and applications. A number of cyanobcateria has the property to fix nitrogen e. Pdf evaluation of synergistic effects of bacterial and. We provide complimentary einspection copies of primary textbooks to instructors. Nevertheless, nfixing cyanobacterial biofertilizers are ecofriendly, and currently considered. Biofertilizers increase the nutrients of host plants when applied to their seeds, plant surface or soil by colonizing the rhizosphere of the plant. Microbes biofertilizers pdf effect of mycorrhizal interactions on nutrient uptake and. Methods of cultivation following are the steps of mass cultivation of rhizobium. Although chemical fertilizers have long been used to meet the high demand of nitrogen n, the most common limiting nutrient to plant growth, the frequent use of this fertilizer gradually deteriorates soil fertility in addition to its high cost, lower supply and agronomic use efficiency in ethiopia.