The sugarcane aphid melanaphis sacchari zehntner was discovered infesting grain sorghum close to beaumont, tx, near the texas and louisiana state line a few kilometers inland from the gulf coast. To calculate economic thresholds, population growth parameters under varied temperature conditions are needed. Influence of sorghum cultivar, phenological stage, and. Aphididae is a cosmopolitan pest of sugarcane and sorghum capable of attacking a relatively broad range of host plants in the family poaceae with economic impacts that vary from benign to devastating singh et al. The sugarcane aphid melanaphis sacchari zehtner, 1897 homoptera, aphididae, which is considered to be mainly anholocyclic, is present in america, australia, asia and africa. Potential population growth of melanaphis sacchari. Miscellaneous insect pests of florida sugarcane 4 sugarcane aphid the sugarcane aphid, melanaphis sacchari, was first observed in florida in 1977.
We examined their toxicity to hippodamia convergens guerinmeneville, an important. Apr 08, 2020 sugarcane aphid, melanaphis sacchari zehntner hemiptera. Florida entomologist, an international journal for the americas, is the official journal of the florida entomological society and is published quarterly. The outcomes of interactions between sugarcane aphid and sorghum and thus the severity of the outbreaks depend on sorghum genotype and potentially also on the phenology of sorghum. The status of research of its geographical distribution, host range, nature of damage, extent of crop losses, and ecobiology in sorghum is summarized and. University of kentucky uknowledge theses and dissertationsentomology entomology 2020 management of sugarcane aphid melanaphis sacchari using biological and cultural tactics in. Aphididae, is an important pest of sorghum sorghum bicolor l. About florida entomologist florida entomologist, an international journal for the americas, is the official journal of the florida entomological society and is published quarterly. Catron and tom kuhar, virginia tech department of entomology, blacksburg va sally taylor, virginia tech department of entomology, suffolk va introduction the sugarcane aphid sca is a pest of sugarcane, sorghum, and millet. Integrated management of sugarcane aphid, melanaphis sacchari. Development of thresholds for management of sugarcane. During harvest, honeydewcoated leaves and stalks stick to the inner parts of harvest equip ment, clogging the combine and preventing it from moving material through the machine efficiently.
Low genetic diversity in melanaphis sacchariaphid populations. The sugarcane aphid sca melanaphis sacchari zehntner hemiptera. All structured data from the file and property namespaces is available under the creative commons cc0 license. However, detailed laboratory studies of temperature effects on the biology. Biology sugarcane rootstock boer r au37 weevil sugarcane. In louisiana, where melanaphis sacchari is also present, the threat of sycl is so great that seed programs screen for the disease as a part of certification standards for micropropagated seedcane.
Genotypic variability of sugarcane resistance to the aphid melanaphis sacchari, vector of the sugarcane yellow leaf virus. Flupyradifurone and sulfoxaflor present novel insecticide chemistries with particular efficacy against aphids, and the recent emergence of sugarcane aphid, melanaphis sacchari zehntner, as a pest of sorghum in the united states has resulted in their widespread use. Invasion of sorghum in the americas by a new sugarcane aphid melanaphis sacchari superclone. Functional responses and intraspecific competition in the ladybird harmonia axyridis coleoptera. Melanaphis sacchari is an anholocyclic, parthenogenic, viviparous species, with adults either winged apterous or wingless alate singh et al. It also readily transmits certain strains of the nonpersistent scmv. It is a major pest of sorghum 10 and a major virus vector in sugarcane 11. The sugarcane aphid, melanaphis sacchari zehntner, emerged as a new pest of sorghum in texas and louisiana in 20, and has since spread rapidly throughout the southern united states. Some specialized aphid species are specific to a single plant species, while other genera or families are associated with a single plant genus or family. Aphi didae is an invasive species and the most important insect pest of sorghum spp. The sugarcane aphid, melanaphis sacchari hemiptera. The anholocyclic aphid melanaphis sacchari is a pest of sugarcane and sorghum which originated in the old world, was introduced into the americas, and is now distributed worldwide.
Pdf plant resistance in sorghums to the sugarcane aphid. The aphid, sometimes referred to as the white sugarcane aphid, is dirty white or light gray to very light tan in color with very short cornicles figure 12 and feeds mostly on the undersurface of. Files are available under licenses specified on their description page. Recent invasion by this prolific pest has created demand for evaluation of insecticides that also are favorable for conservation of natural enemies. Pdf the sugarcane aphid, melanaphis sacchari, in florida. Development of economic thresholds for sugarcane aphid. Host plant specialization in the sugarcane aphid melanaphis. The sugarcane aphid melanaphis sacchari zethner hemiptera. It was not found in texas in a survey conducted in 1990. Aphididae as prey pengxiang wu 1,2, jing zhang 1,2, muhammad haseeb 3, shuo yan 4, lambert kanga 3, runzhi zhang 1, 1 department of. Pulgon amarillo del sorgo melanaphis sacchari control cultural.
Potential population growth of melanaphis sacchari zethner. To download all available records in eddmaps for this species click here click here. Aphididae, is now widely established in sorghum, sorghum bicolor l. Moench poaceae, production areas of the usa, and is an important economic pest. Recruitment of aphidophagous arthropods to sorghum plants. Aphididae, has been present in the united states since the 1980s, as a very minor pest. Moreover, even in aphid species considered as polyphagous, sympatric populations adapted. Development of thresholds for management of sugarcane aphid. Nov 20, 2019 new oviparous morph of melanaphis sacchari zehntner on sorghum. Summary the new aphid pest of sorghum is taxonomically indistinct to m.
The sugarcane aphid, melanaphis sacchari, is an aphid in the superfamily aphidoidea in the order hemiptera. Abstractnumerous studies have examined the genetic diversity and genetic structure of invading species, with. The outcomes of interactions between sugarcane aphid and sorghum and thus the severity of the outbreaks depend on sorghum genotype and potentially also on the. Integrated management of sugarcane aphid, melanaphis. Aphididae 2 it is not uncommon to find melanaphis sacchari white sugarcane aphid in small populations dispersed among s. The sugarcane aphid, a significant new insect pest of.
Most aphid genera or families are host specialized and generalist species represent only 1% of total aphid species. Articles published in the florida entomologist reflect all aspects of basic and applied entomological and acarological science of relevance to florida agriculture, urban environments, and natural. Coccinellidae provided with melanaphis sacchari homoptera. Yellow sugarcane aphid, sipha flava forbes insecta. It was reported in hawaii in 1896, florida in 1977, and louisiana in 1989. Th e sugarcane aphid, melanaphis sacchari zehntner is a widely distributed species. It causes damage by sucking the plants sap and then transmitting sugarcane yellow leaf virus scylv. Our purpose was to assess the genetic diversity and structuring of populations of this species according to host and locality. All sugarcane aphids are female, which give birth to females. Geospatial analysis of melanaphis sacchari in south texas.
Management of sugarcane aphid is difficult due to its rapid reproductive rate, our lack of knowledge on the biology and ecology of this emerging pest, and. The sugarcane aphid melanaphis sacchari is an emerging pest of sorghum. The sugarcane aphid, melanaphis sacchari zehntner, 1897 is a key pest on sorghum and sugarcane in many areas of africa, asia, australia, the far east, and parts of. Aphididae, has established itself as a perennial pest within the united states since the late summer of 20, when it was first. The status of research of its geographical distribution, host range, nature of damage, extent of crop losses, and ecobiology in sorghum is summarized and research programs in. In florida, scyl causes a loss in cane and sugar production of 7 and 4% respectively. The collection of this species represents a new distribution record for the continental united states and holdings of the national aphidoidea collection, which until now included specimens from florida and hawaii. Recent invasion by this prolific pest has created demand for evaluation of insecticides that also are favorable for conservation of. This page was last edited on 14 september 2017, at 21. The sugarcane aphid, a significant new insect pest of sweet sorghum in kentucky nathan mercer, laboratory technician entfact157 biology and background to pest status on sweet sorghum the sugarcane aphid sca, melanaphis sacchari hemiptera. The usda agricultural research service and others have conducted genetic tests and determined that the new pest is in fact the sugarcane aphid but it has switched hosts to sorghum for some unknown reason. Melanaphis sorghi, which has been regarded as a synonym of m.
The university of georgia center for invasive species and ecosystem health. Sugarcane aphid melanaphis sacchari outbreaks in sorghum that were first reported in 20 are now the most significant threat to this crop in all major sorghum production areas in the u. The sugarcane aphid, melanaphis sacchari zehntner, 1897 is a key pest on sorghum and sugarcane in many areas of africa, asia, australia, the far east, and parts of central and south america. There are indications that this aphid will persist in the lower rio grande valley and nearby areas in mexico, the coastal bend and other sorghum regions in the usa and mexico. Discovery of the sugarcane aphid, melanaphis sacchari zehntner, 1897 in argentina and uruguay. Potential population growth of melanaphis sacchari zehntner. The sugarcane aphid is a widely distributed insect being reported from 24 countries mead 1978. Effects of sugarcane aphid herbivory on transcriptional. New oviparous morph of melanaphis sacchari zehntner on sorghum. Melanaphis sacchari genome sequencing and assembly national center for biotechnology information the goal of the study was to develop microsatellite markers for sugarcane aphid and endosymbiont detection. Infesting the plants with aphidinfested leaf cuttings and covering with a nylon net was. The need to control damaging populations of sugarcane aphid, melanaphis sacchari zehntner, on sorghum in the southern united states has resulted in registration of flupyradifurone epa, section 3 for use on sorghum, and emergency use registration of sulfoxaflor epa, section 18 in at least 10 different states. Melanaphis sacchari injures sorghum by piercing plant tissues with its stylet and sucking the phloem sap, thereby causing nutrient loss singh et al. Articles published in the florida entomologist reflect all aspects of basic and applied entomological and acarological science of relevance to florida agriculture, urban environments, and.
Aphididaeis a serious pest for sugarcane saccharum officinarum and sorghum sorghum spp. It is mostly found in saccharum and sorghum species. Species diversity of entomopathogenic fungi infecting the. Proceedings of the entomological society of washington 1032. Pdf genotypic variability of sugarcane resistance to the. The sugarcane aphid, melanaphis sacchari zehntner hemiptera. Sugarcane aphids, melanaphis sacchari zehntner, are pale yellow, gray or tan aphids, distinguished from greenbugs by the lack of the dorsal dark green stripe and by having black cornicles, rather than green cornicles with black tips. Melanaphis species melanaphis sacchari name homonyms melanaphis sacchari zehntner, 1897 common names sugarcane aphid in english sugarcane aphid in english. When the sugarcane aphid was detected feeding on sorghum in the rgv and in the beaumont area of texas, oklahoma, and louisiana\. Villanueva sugarcane aphid informative meeting agrilife, weslaco tx, april 12, 2016.
Because this pest can cause significant economic injury to sorghum at various stages of growth, it is necessary to evaluate different treatment trigger levels to determine an economic threshold. Nibouche s, fartek b, mississipi s, delatte h, reynaud b, et al. Identification and life cycleseasonal history sugarcane aphids, melanaphis sacchari zehntner, are pale yellow, gray or tan aphids, distinguished from greenbugs by the lack of the dorsal dark green stripe and by having black cornicles, rather than green cornicles with black tips. There are indications that this aphid will persist in the lower rio grande valley and nearby areas in mexico, the coastal bend and. It is mostly found in saccharum and sorghum species references. The aphid melanaphis sacchari zehnter, is distributed worldwide, with apomictic parthenogenetic reproduction, and is mainly restricted to poaceae hosts. Low genetic diversity in melanaphis sacchari aphid. Biology and management of the sugarcane aphid, melanaphis. Aphididae, has established itself as a perennial pest within the united states since the late summer of 20, when it.